DDR爱好者之家

利用PyQt5+Matplotlib 绘制静态/动态图的实现代码
站长资源 2024/11/24 佚名
42 1538
DDR爱好者之家 Design By 杰米

代码编辑环境

Win10+(Pycharmm or Vscode)+PyQt 5.14.2

功能实现

静态作图：数据作图，取决于作图函数，可自行修改
动态作图：产生数据，获取并更新数据，最后刷新显示，可用于实现数据实时采集并显示的场景

效果展示

利用PyQt5+Matplotlib 绘制静态/动态图的实现代码

代码块（业务与逻辑分离）业务–UI界面代码

文件名：Ui_realtimer_plot.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Added by the Blog author VERtiCaL on 2020/07/12 at SSRF
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.14.2
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
  def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
    MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
    MainWindow.resize(1613, 1308)
    self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
    self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
    self.Plot_static = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
    self.Plot_static.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 30, 861, 391))
    self.Plot_static.setObjectName("Plot_static")
    self.layoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.layoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 830, 701, 91))
    self.layoutWidget.setObjectName("layoutWidget")
    self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.layoutWidget)
    self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
    self.horizontalLayout.setSpacing(28)
    self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
    self.Static_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.Static_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.Static_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    font.setBold(False)
    font.setWeight(50)
    self.Static_plot.setFont(font)
    self.Static_plot.setObjectName("Static_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.Static_plot)
    self.dynamic_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.dynamic_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.dynamic_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    font.setBold(False)
    font.setWeight(50)
    self.dynamic_plot.setFont(font)
    self.dynamic_plot.setObjectName("dynamic_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.dynamic_plot)
    self.End_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.End_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.End_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    self.End_plot.setFont(font)
    self.End_plot.setObjectName("End_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.End_plot)
    self.Erase_plot = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.layoutWidget)
    sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Minimum, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.MinimumExpanding)
    sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
    sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(self.Erase_plot.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
    self.Erase_plot.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("楷体")
    font.setPointSize(18)
    self.Erase_plot.setFont(font)
    self.Erase_plot.setObjectName("Erase_plot")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.Erase_plot)
    self.Plot_dynamic = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)
    self.Plot_dynamic.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 430, 861, 391))
    self.Plot_dynamic.setObjectName("Plot_dynamic")
    MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
    self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 1613, 23))
    self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
    MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
    self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
    self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
    MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

    self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

  def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
    self.Plot_static.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "StaticPlot"))
    self.Static_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "静态作图"))
    self.dynamic_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "动态作图"))
    self.End_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "停止作图"))
    self.Erase_plot.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "清除数据"))
    self.Plot_dynamic.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "DynamicPlot"))

逻辑–主要代码分析

matplotlib作图嵌入PyQt界面的关键

创建matlibplot图形类Myplot，通过继承FigureCanvas类，使其相当于PyQt里的控件，从而完成PyQt与Matlibplot的结合。

# class Myplot for plotting with matplotlib
class Myplot(FigureCanvas):
  def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=3, dpi=100):
    # normalized for 中文显示和负号
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

    # new fig
    self.fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
    # activate figure window
    # super(Plot_dynamic,self).__init__(self.fig)
    FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
    self.setParent(parent)
    # sub plot by self.axes
    self.axes= self.fig.add_subplot(111)
    # initial figure
    self.compute_initial_figure()

    # size policy
    FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
    FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    pass

用于图形初始化的图像类，通过调用这个类就能实现图形绘制和修改。可以在此更改图形的类型，具体代码可以参照matplotlib官网的实例 Matplotlib_examples

class static_fig(Myplot):
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    Myplot.__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)
    y=x*np.sin(x)
    self.axes.plot(x,y)
    self.axes.set_title("signals")
    self.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)")
    self.axes.set_ylabel("counts")

主界面的逻辑代码

几点说明

1、利用Matplotlib自带的NavigationToolbar可以实现绘制图的基本操作：平移、放大、保存图像、显示鼠标位置（x，y）的数据等
2、self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig1)就是把绘制的图像本身作为一个控件widget加入UI界面里的groupbox（这里改成Plot_static名称）去，从而使得图形能正常显示在绘图框里。

class AppWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
  def __init__(self,parent=None):
    super(AppWindow,self).__init__(parent)
    self.setupUi(self)
    # ^O^ static_fig can changed to any other function
    #self.fig1=static_fig(width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
    self.fig1 = static_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    self.fig2 = dynamic_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    # add NavigationToolbar in the figure (widgets)
    self.fig_ntb1 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig1, self)
    self.fig_ntb2 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig2, self)
    #self.Start_plot.clicked.connect(self.plot_cos)
    # add the static_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout1=QGridLayout(self.Plot_static)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig1)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig_ntb1)
    # add the dynamic_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout2 = QGridLayout(self.Plot_dynamic)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig2)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig_ntb2)
    self._timer = QTimer(self)
    self._t = 1
    self._counts = []
    self._delay_t = []

静态做图

self.fig1.axes.cla()清除原来的图像，self.fig1.axes.plot(self.t,self.y)，通过self.fig1.axes.plot实现做图，不同类型的图形做图参考matplotlib官网。 Matplotlib_examples

@pyqtSlot()
  def on_Static_plot_clicked(self):
    self.plot_cos()
    self._Static_on=1
    #self.Start_plot.setEnabled(False)

  global nc
  nc=1
  def plot_cos(self):
    #print('nc=%d\n' %self.nc)
    global nc
    nc+=1
    self.fig1.axes.cla()
    self.t=np.arange(0,15,0.1)
    self.y=2*nc*self.t-self.t*np.cos(self.t/2/np.pi*1000)
    self.fig1.axes.plot(self.t,self.y)
    self.fig1.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.draw()

动态做图

这里数据接收通过QTimer来延迟时间（隔1s）并通过函数产生计数，append更新数据，做图，刷新图像，self.fig2.draw()实现图像绘制。

@pyqtSlot()
  def on_dynamic_plot_clicked(self):
    print('start dynamic ploting')
    self.Static_plot.setEnabled(False)
    self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(False)
    # start update figure every 1s; flag "update_on" : 1 is on and 0 is Off
    self._update_on = 1
    self._timer.timeout.connect(self.update_fig)
    self._timer.start(1000) # plot after 1s delay

  def update_fig(self):
    self._t+=1
    print(self._t)
    self._delay_t.append(self._t)
    print(self._delay_t)
    #new_counts=random.randint(100,900)
    new_counts= 2 * self._t - self._t * np.cos(self._t / 2 / np.pi * 1000)
    self._counts.append(new_counts)
    print(self._counts)
    self.fig2.axes.cla()
    self.fig2.axes.plot(self._delay_t,self._counts,'-ob')
    self.fig2.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.draw()

改进说明

后续可以通过引入多线程，单独进行数据采集、显示和保存，完善功能。

最终完整代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
Module: plot data realtime.
Created on 2020/07/12 by Blog Author VERtiCaL at SSRF
"""

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5 import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication,QMainWindow,QGridLayout
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer,pyqtSlot,QThread
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import sys,random, time,os,re
from Ui_Realtimer_Plot import Ui_MainWindow


# class Myplot for plotting with matplotlib
class Myplot(FigureCanvas):
  def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=3, dpi=100):
    # normalized for 中文显示和负号
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

    # new figure
    self.fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
    # activate figure window
    # super(Plot_dynamic,self).__init__(self.fig)
    FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
    self.setParent(parent)
    #self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self)
    # sub plot by self.axes
    self.axes= self.fig.add_subplot(111)
    # initial figure
    self.compute_initial_figure()

    # size policy
    FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                  QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
    FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    pass



# class for plotting a specific figure static or dynamic
class static_fig(Myplot):
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    Myplot.__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    x=np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,100)
    y=x*np.sin(x)
    self.axes.plot(x,y)
    self.axes.set_title("signals")
    self.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)")
    self.axes.set_ylabel("counts")


class dynamic_fig(Myplot):
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    Myplot.__init__(self,*args,**kwargs)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    counts = [1,10]
    delay_t = [0,1]
    self.axes.plot(delay_t,counts,'-ob')
    self.axes.set_title("signals")
    self.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)")
    self.axes.set_ylabel("counts")



# class for the application window
class AppWindow(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):
  def __init__(self,parent=None):
    super(AppWindow,self).__init__(parent)
    self.setupUi(self)
    # ^O^ static_fig can changed to any other function
    #self.fig1=static_fig(width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
    self.fig1 = static_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    self.fig2 = dynamic_fig(width=5, height=3, dpi=72)
    # add NavigationToolbar in the figure (widgets)
    self.fig_ntb1 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig1, self)
    self.fig_ntb2 = NavigationToolbar(self.fig2, self)
    #self.Start_plot.clicked.connect(self.plot_cos)
    # add the static_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout1=QGridLayout(self.Plot_static)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig1)
    self.gridlayout1.addWidget(self.fig_ntb1)
    # add the dynamic_fig in the Plot box
    self.gridlayout2 = QGridLayout(self.Plot_dynamic)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig2)
    self.gridlayout2.addWidget(self.fig_ntb2)
    # initialized flags for static/dynamic plot: on is 1,off is 0
    self._timer = QTimer(self)
    self._t = 1
    self._counts = []
    self._delay_t = []
    self._Static_on=0
    self._update_on=0



  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_Static_plot_clicked(self):
    self.plot_cos()
    self._Static_on=1
    #self.Start_plot.setEnabled(False)

  global nc
  nc=1
  def plot_cos(self):
    #print('nc=%d\n' %self.nc)
    global nc
    nc+=1
    self.fig1.axes.cla()
    self.t=np.arange(0,15,0.1)
    self.y=2*nc*self.t-self.t*np.cos(self.t/2/np.pi*1000)
    self.fig1.axes.plot(self.t,self.y)
    self.fig1.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig1.draw()

  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_dynamic_plot_clicked(self):
    print('start dynamic ploting')
    self.Static_plot.setEnabled(False)
    self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(False)
    # start update figure every 1s; flag "update_on" : 1 is on and 0 is Off
    self._update_on = 1
    self._timer.timeout.connect(self.update_fig)
    self._timer.start(1000) # plot after 1s delay

  
  
  def update_fig(self):
    self._t+=1
    print(self._t)
    self._delay_t.append(self._t)
    print(self._delay_t)
    #new_counts=random.randint(100,900)
    new_counts= 2 * self._t - self._t * np.cos(self._t / 2 / np.pi * 1000)
    self._counts.append(new_counts)
    print(self._counts)
    self.fig2.axes.cla()
    self.fig2.axes.plot(self._delay_t,self._counts,'-ob')
    self.fig2.axes.set_title("signals",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_xlabel("delay(s)",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.axes.set_ylabel("counts",fontsize=18,color='c')
    self.fig2.draw()

  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_End_plot_clicked(self):
    if self._update_on==1:
      self._update_on=0
      self._timer.timeout.disconnect(self.update_fig)
      self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(True)
    else:
      pass

  @pyqtSlot()
  def on_Erase_plot_clicked(self):
    self.fig1.axes.cla()
    self.fig1.draw()
    self.fig2.axes.cla()
    self.fig2.draw()
    if self._update_on==1:
      self._update_on=0
      self._delay_t=[]
      self._counts=[]
      self.fig2.axes.cla()
      self.fig2.draw()
      self._timer.timeout.disconnect(self.update_fig)
      self.dynamic_plot.setEnabled(True)
    else:
      pass
    self.Static_plot.setEnabled(True)
    #self.Erase_plot.setEnabled(False)
  

if __name__=="__main__":
  app = QApplication(sys.argv)
  win = AppWindow()
  win.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())
DDR爱好者之家 Design By 杰米
广告合作：本站广告合作请联系QQ：858582 申请时备注：广告合作（否则不回）
免责声明：本站资源来自互联网收集,仅供用于学习和交流,请遵循相关法律法规,本站一切资源不代表本站立场,如有侵权、后门、不妥请联系本站删除！
DDR爱好者之家 Design By 杰米
ddrfans.com DDR爱好者之家
8,675无损音乐
1,324高清电影
213破解软件
70,141收录资讯

《魔兽世界》大逃杀！60人新游玩模式《强袭风暴》3月21日上线

暴雪近日发布了《魔兽世界》10.2.6 更新内容，新游玩模式《强袭风暴》即将于3月21 日在亚服上线，届时玩家将前往阿拉希高地展开一场 60 人大逃杀对战。

艾泽拉斯的冒险者已经征服了艾泽拉斯的大地及遥远的彼岸。他们在对抗世界上最致命的敌人时展现出过人的手腕，并且成功阻止终结宇宙等级的威胁。当他们在为即将于《魔兽世界》资料片《地心之战》中来袭的萨拉塔斯势力做战斗准备时，他们还需要在熟悉的阿拉希高地面对一个全新的敌人──那就是彼此。在《巨龙崛起》10.2.6 更新的《强袭风暴》中，玩家将会进入一个全新的海盗主题大逃杀式限时活动，其中包含极高的风险和史诗级的奖励。

《强袭风暴》不是普通的战场，作为一个独立于主游戏之外的活动，玩家可以用大逃杀的风格来体验《魔兽世界》，不分职业、不分装备（除了你在赛局中捡到的），光是技巧和战略的强弱之分就能决定出谁才是能坚持到最后的赢家。本次活动将会开放单人和双人模式，玩家在加入海盗主题的预赛大厅区域前，可以从强袭风暴角色画面新增好友。游玩游戏将可以累计名望轨迹，《巨龙崛起》和《魔兽世界：巫妖王之怒 经典版》的玩家都可以获得奖励。

更新日志

友情链接

杰晶网络 DDR爱好者之家 南强小屋 黑松山资源网 白云城资源网
DDR爱好者之家 Design By 杰米