import arcpy
import json
import sys
import os
import argparse
import re

result = ""
jsontext = {'success': {}, 'msg': ''}


def checkSavedAprxDatasource(output_aprx_path, mapName, targetDb):
  check_result = True
  desc = arcpy.Describe(targetDb)

  saved_aprx = arcpy.mp.ArcGISProject(output_aprx_path)
  for saved_map in saved_aprx.listMaps():
    if saved_map.name == mapName:
      for lyr in saved_map.listLayers():
        if lyr.isFeatureLayer:
          # print(lyr.connectionProperties)
          if lyr.connectionProperties['workspace_factory'].upper() == 'SDE'.upper(
          ) and lyr.connectionProperties['connection_info']['instance'] == desc.connectionProperties.instance:
            pass
          else:
            check_result = False

  return check_result


if __name__ == '__main__':
  try:

    # linux
    # aprxPath = str(sys.argv[1])
    # mapName = str(sys.argv[2])
    # sourceDb = str(sys.argv[3])
    # targetDb = str(sys.argv[4])
    # output_aprx_path = str(sys.argv[5])

    # local pc
    aprxPath = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\testaprx.aprx'
    mapName = 'Map'
    sourceDb = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\Data.gdb'
    targetDb = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\testsde.sde'
    output_aprx_path = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\output\export5.aprx'

    aprx = arcpy.mp.ArcGISProject(aprxPath)
    for m in aprx.listMaps():
      if m.name == mapName:
        m.updateConnectionProperties(sourceDb, targetDb)

    if os.path.exists(output_aprx_path):
      os.remove(output_aprx_path)
    aprx.saveACopy(output_aprx_path)

    checkResult = checkSavedAprxDatasource(
      output_aprx_path, mapName, targetDb)
    if checkResult:
      jsontext['success'] = True
      result = json.dumps(jsontext)
      sys.stdout.write(result)
    else:
      jsontext['success'] = False
      jsontext['msg'] = 'Failed to replace data source'
      result = json.dumps(jsontext)
      sys.stdout.write(result)

  except Exception as e:
    jsontext['success'] = False
    jsontext['msg'] = e.args
    result = json.dumps(jsontext)
    sys.stdout.write(result)

(arcgispro-py3) D:\rvt\testaprx>python test.py D:\rvt\testaprx\testaprx.aprx Map D:\rvt\testaprx\Data.gdb D:\rvt\testaprx\testsde.sde D:\rvt\testaprx\output\export5.aprx

import arcpy
import json
import sys
import os
import argparse
import re

result = ""
jsontext = {'success': {}, 'msg': ''}


def checkSavedAprxDatasource(output_aprx_path, mapName, targetDb):
  check_result = True
  desc = arcpy.Describe(targetDb)


  saved_aprx = arcpy.mp.ArcGISProject(output_aprx_path)
  for saved_map in saved_aprx.listMaps():
    if saved_map.name == mapName:
      for lyr in saved_map.listLayers():
        if lyr.isFeatureLayer:
          # print(lyr.connectionProperties)
          if lyr.connectionProperties['workspace_factory'].upper() == 'SDE'.upper(
          ) and lyr.connectionProperties['connection_info']['instance'] == desc.connectionProperties.instance:
            pass
          else:
            check_result = False

  return check_result


if __name__ == '__main__':
  try:

    # linux
    aprxPath = str(sys.argv[1])
    mapName = str(sys.argv[2])
    sourceDb = str(sys.argv[3])
    targetDb = str(sys.argv[4])
    output_aprx_path = str(sys.argv[5])
    print("aprx路径: "+aprxPath)
    print("地图视图的名称: "+mapName)
    print("当前的数据源路径: "+sourceDb)
    print("目标数据源路径: "+targetDb)
    print("aprx另存为路径: "+output_aprx_path)

    # local pc
    # aprxPath = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\testaprx.aprx'
    # mapName = 'Map'
    # sourceDb = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\Data.gdb'
    # targetDb = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\testsde.sde'
    # output_aprx_path = r'D:\rvt\testaprx\output\export5.aprx'

    aprx = arcpy.mp.ArcGISProject(aprxPath)
    for m in aprx.listMaps():
      if m.name == mapName:
        m.updateConnectionProperties(sourceDb, targetDb)

    if os.path.exists(output_aprx_path):
      os.remove(output_aprx_path)
    aprx.saveACopy(output_aprx_path)

    checkResult = checkSavedAprxDatasource(
      output_aprx_path, mapName, targetDb)
    if checkResult:
      jsontext['success'] = True
      result = json.dumps(jsontext)
      sys.stdout.write(result)
    else:
      jsontext['success'] = False
      jsontext['msg'] = 'Failed to replace data source'
      result = json.dumps(jsontext)
      sys.stdout.write(result)

  except Exception as e:
    jsontext['success'] = False
    jsontext['msg'] = e.args
    result = json.dumps(jsontext)
    sys.stdout.write(result)