python实现扫雷游戏的示例

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扫雷是一款益智类小游戏，最早于 1992 年由微软在 Windows 上发行，游戏适合于全年龄段，规则简单，即在最短的时间内找出所有非雷格子且在中间过程中不能踩到雷，踩到雷则失败，需重新开始。

本文我们使用 Python 来实现扫雷游戏，主要用的 Python 库是 pygame。

实现

游戏组成比较简单，主要包括：小方格、计时器、地雷等。

首先，我们初始化一些常量，比如：横竖方块数、地雷数、鼠标点击情况等，如下所示：

BLOCK_WIDTH = 30
BLOCK_HEIGHT = 16
# 块大小
SIZE = 20
# 地雷数
MINE_COUNT = 66
# 未点击
normal = 1
# 已点击
opened = 2
# 地雷
mine = 3
# 标记为地雷
flag = 4
# 标记为问号
ask = 5
# 踩中地雷
bomb = 6
# 被双击的周围
hint = 7
# 正被鼠标左右键双击
double = 8
readied = 1,
started = 2,
over = 3,
win = 4

接着定义一个地雷类，类中定义一些基本属性（如：坐标、状态等）及 get、set 方法，代码实现如下：

class Mine:
 def __init__(self, x, y, value=0):
  self._x = x
  self._y = y
  self._value = 0
  self._around_mine_count = -1
  self._status = normal
  self.set_value(value)
 def __repr__(self):
  return str(self._value)
 def get_x(self):
  return self._x
 def set_x(self, x):
  self._x = x
 x = property(fget=get_x, fset=set_x)
 def get_y(self):
  return self._y
 def set_y(self, y):
  self._y = y
 y = property(fget=get_y, fset=set_y)
 def get_value(self):
  return self._value
 def set_value(self, value):
  if value:
   self._value = 1
  else:
   self._value = 0
 value = property(fget=get_value, fset=set_value, doc='0:非地雷 1:雷')
 def get_around_mine_count(self):
  return self._around_mine_count
 def set_around_mine_count(self, around_mine_count):
  self._around_mine_count = around_mine_count
 around_mine_count = property(fget=get_around_mine_count, fset=set_around_mine_count, doc='四周地雷数量')
 def get_status(self):
  return self._status
 def set_status(self, value):
  self._status = value
 status = property(fget=get_status, fset=set_status, doc='BlockStatus')

再接着定义一个 MineBlock 类，用来处理扫雷的基本逻辑，代码实现如下：

class MineBlock:
 def __init__(self):
  self._block = [[Mine(i, j) for i in range(BLOCK_WIDTH)] for j in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT)]
  # 埋雷
  for i in random.sample(range(BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT), MINE_COUNT):
   self._block[i // BLOCK_WIDTH][i % BLOCK_WIDTH].value = 1
 def get_block(self):
  return self._block
 block = property(fget=get_block)
 def getmine(self, x, y):
  return self._block[y][x]
 def open_mine(self, x, y):
  # 踩到雷了
  if self._block[y][x].value:
   self._block[y][x].status = bomb
   return False
  # 先把状态改为 opened
  self._block[y][x].status = opened
  around = _get_around(x, y)
  _sum = 0
  for i, j in around:
   if self._block[j][i].value:
    _sum += 1
  self._block[y][x].around_mine_count = _sum
  # 如果周围没有雷，那么将周围 8 个未中未点开的递归算一遍
  if _sum == 0:
   for i, j in around:
    if self._block[j][i].around_mine_count == -1:
     self.open_mine(i, j)
  return True
 def double_mouse_button_down(self, x, y):
  if self._block[y][x].around_mine_count == 0:
   return True
  self._block[y][x].status = double
  around = _get_around(x, y)
  # 周围被标记的雷数量
  sumflag = 0
  for i, j in _get_around(x, y):
   if self._block[j][i].status == flag:
    sumflag += 1
  # 周边的雷已经全部被标记
  result = True
  if sumflag == self._block[y][x].around_mine_count:
   for i, j in around:
    if self._block[j][i].status == normal:
     if not self.open_mine(i, j):
      result = False
  else:
   for i, j in around:
    if self._block[j][i].status == normal:
     self._block[j][i].status = hint
  return result
 def double_mouse_button_up(self, x, y):
  self._block[y][x].status = opened
  for i, j in _get_around(x, y):
   if self._block[j][i].status == hint:
    self._block[j][i].status = normal

我们接下来初始化界面，首先生成由小方格组成的面板，主要代码实现如下

for row in block.block:
	for mine in row:
		pos = (mine.x * SIZE, (mine.y + 2) * SIZE)
		if mine.status == opened:
			screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos)
			opened_count += 1
		elif mine.status == double:
			screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos)
		elif mine.status == bomb:
			screen.blit(img_blood, pos)
		elif mine.status == flag:
			screen.blit(img_flag, pos)
			flag_count += 1
		elif mine.status == ask:
			screen.blit(img_ask, pos)
		elif mine.status == hint:
			screen.blit(img0, pos)
		elif game_status == over and mine.value:
			screen.blit(img_mine, pos)
		elif mine.value == 0 and mine.status == flag:
			screen.blit(img_error, pos)
		elif mine.status == normal:
			screen.blit(img_blank, pos)

看一下效果：

再接着添加面板的 head 部分，包括：显示雷数、重新开始按钮（笑脸）、显示耗时，主要代码实现如下：

print_text(screen, font1, 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, '%02d' % (MINE_COUNT - flag_count), red)
if game_status == started:
	elapsed_time = int(time.time() - start_time)
print_text(screen, font1, SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth - 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, '%03d' % elapsed_time, red)
if flag_count + opened_count == BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT:
	game_status = win
if game_status == over:
	screen.blit(img_face_fail, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y))
elif game_status == win:
	screen.blit(img_face_success, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y))
else:
	screen.blit(img_face_normal, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y))

看一下效果：

再接着添加各种点击事件，代码实现如下：

for event in pygame.event.get():
	if event.type == QUIT:
		sys.exit()
	elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
		mouse_x, mouse_y = event.pos
		x = mouse_x // SIZE
		y = mouse_y // SIZE - 2
		b1, b2, b3 = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
		if game_status == started:
			# 鼠标左右键同时按下，如果已经标记了所有雷，则打开周围一圈；如果还未标记完所有雷，则有一个周围一圈被同时按下的效果
			if b1 and b3:
				mine = block.getmine(x, y)
				if mine.status == opened:
					if not block.double_mouse_button_down(x, y):
						game_status = over
	elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
		if y < 0:
			if face_pos_x <= mouse_x <= face_pos_x + face_size 					and face_pos_y <= mouse_y <= face_pos_y + face_size:
				game_status = readied
				block = MineBlock()
				start_time = time.time()
				elapsed_time = 0
				continue
		if game_status == readied:
			game_status = started
			start_time = time.time()
			elapsed_time = 0
		if game_status == started:
			mine = block.getmine(x, y)
			# 按鼠标左键
			if b1 and not b3:
				if mine.status == normal:
					if not block.open_mine(x, y):
						game_status = over
			# 按鼠标右键
			elif not b1 and b3:
				if mine.status == normal:
					mine.status = flag
				elif mine.status == flag:
					mine.status = ask
				elif mine.status == ask:
					mine.status = normal
			elif b1 and b3:
				if mine.status == double:
					block.double_mouse_button_up(x, y)

我们来看一下最终实现效果：

总结

本文我们通过 Python 简单的实现了扫雷游戏，大家有兴趣的话，可以实际操作一下，看看自己能否排除全部的雷。

完整代码

项目地址

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